Effectiveness
of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge and
Knowledge on Practice of Common Newborn Care among Primi
Mothers at selected Hospitals, Hubli, Karnataka.
Mr.
Venu. A.S1, Mrs. Shilpa
G.K2
1Assistant Professor, Dept. of Pediatric Nursing, S.S
Institute of Nursing Sciences, Davangere
2Lecturer, Sana Institute of Nursing Sciences, Hubli
*Corresponding Author Email: venu.as1@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
The care of neonates in the
family is governed by the family’s knowledge, awareness and cultural practices.
The baby’s health, while in the womb, depends on health of the mother. But
after being born, survival, health and growth depends mainly on the mother’s
knowledge of child rearing practices and practices and the immediate
environment in which the family lives. The mother’s knowledge and the practices
play a crucial role in safeguard the health and enhancing the newborn’s
adaptation to the environment. A quantitative approach was used to study the
effectiveness of PTP (Structured teaching programmee
on knowledge and knowledge on
practice of common newborn care among primi mothers
at selected hospitals, hubli, karnataka.
50 primi mothers from postnatal wards were selected
by purposive sampling technique data was collected by using 2 tools. Tool 1
includes Socio demographic variables and Tool 2 includes structured
questionnaire on knowledge and knowledge on practice of common newborn care.
The investigator collect data from Primi mothers
using structured interview schedule. Investigator administers pretests
questionnaires to the mother and then Structured Teaching Programme
was given to the mother and post test was conducted from mother on 7th
day of the intervention. The results revealed that mean knowledge scores in
pre-test were 6.5 and SD was 1.58 and in post-test mean was 18.5 and SD was
3.54. So, it is evident that mean post-test knowledge score of primi mothers were significantly greater than their mean
pre-test knowledge score. ‘t’ {59} = 21.36 at P < .001 level. The
mean knowledge on practice score in pre-test was 4.5 and SD was 1.56 and in
post-test mean was 10.5 and SD was 4.25. So, it is evident that mean post-test
knowledge on practice score of primi mothers were
significantly greater than their mean pre-test knowledge on practice score. ‘t’
{59} = 29.58 at P < .001 level. The study concluded that
Structured teaching programmee on New born care
enhanced the knowledge and practice of newborn care among primi
mothers.
KEYWORDS: Knowledge, Knowledge on practice, newborn
care, primi mothers, Effectiveness, Structured
teaching programmee.
INTRODUCTION:
The birth of an infant is one
of the most awe-inspiring and emotional events that can occur in one’s
lifetime.1.Before birth the fetus is fully dependent upon the mother
for all vital needs such as oxygen, nutrition, waste removal. The most profound
physiologic change required of the newborn is transition from fetal or
placental circulation to independent respiration. The loss of placental connection
means the loss of complete metabolic support especially the supply of oxygen
and the removal of carbon dioxide. The normal stresses of labor and delivery
produce alterations of placental gas exchange patterns, acid base balance in
the blood and cardiovascular activity in the neonate.2
The infection which occurs
during or after birth may result in sepsis neonatrum,
systemic infection with bacteria in the blood stream. Bacterial sepsis occurs
in 1 in 1000 full term infants and 1 in 150 preterm infants. So mothers should
be instructed regarding stump detoriation and
umbilical cord care. Prevention of infection is one essential aspect of
infant’s protection and safety. Daily bathing is essential but the mother
should be given sufficient opportunities to bath the baby in order to increase
her confidence. Cleanliness of the umbilical cord is also essential.4
Good hygiene would reduce the
likelihood of cold, herpes and skin disease being spread to more sensitive
individuals. Newborn babies are also at risk from maternal infection if hygiene
is not adequate. The daily cleansing of the infant affords an excellent
opportunity for making observations that are necessary during the immediate
postnatal period.3
Breast feeding offers many
advantages which although it was one of the major method of feeding, Breast
milk contains all nutrients a baby needs for normal growth and development in
proper proportion and in o form that is easily digested and observed.5
NEED FOR THE STUDY:
Newborn mortality is one of
the World’s most neglected health problems. In our World 140 million children
are born every year. Whereas 8 million infants die out of which 4 million
infants die during the neonatal period, 98% of them do so in developing
countries. Neonatal Mortality Rate is higher in rural area i.e. 49 per 1000
live birth and 27 per 1000 live birth in urban area.5
The global burden of neonatal
death is estimated to be 5 million of which 3.2million death occur during the
first week of like. Global under five and infant mortality rate have declined
over the past four decades but high neonatal mortality rate have remained
relatively unchanged.6
The
care of neonates in the family is governed by the family’s knowledge,
awareness, cultural practices etc. Certain practices and customs regarding
newborn care are useful and may result in increasing risk of both morbidity and
mortality of neonates. The baby’s health, while in the womb, depends on health
of the mother. But after being born, survival, health and growth depends mainly
on the mother’s knowledge of child rearing practices and practices and the
immediate environment in which the family lives.6 The mother’s
knowledge and the practices play a crucial role in safeguard the health and
enhancing the newborn’s adaptation to the environment. Hence forth the investigator personally felt that
there is a need for the above studies and statistics was inspired in selection
of this Study.
PROBLEM STATEMENT:
A
study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme
on knowledge and knowledge on practice of common newborn care among primi mothers at selected hospitals, Hubli,
Karnataka.
OBJECTIVES
OF THE STUDY:
1. To assess the pre test and post test score
of knowledge regarding newborn care among primi
mothers.
2. To assess the pre test and post test score
of knowledge on practice regarding newborn care among primi
mothers.
3. To compare the pre and post test score of
knowledge and knowledge on practice regarding newborn care among primi mothers.
4. To find the association between post test
knowledge and selected socio demographic variables of primi
mothers regarding newborn care.
5. To find out the association between post
test score of knowledge on practice and selected socio demographic variables of
primi mothers regarding new born care.
HYPOTHESIS:
H1: There is a
significant difference in the level of knowledge regarding newborn Care among primi mothers
after structured teaching programme.
H2: There is a
significant difference in the level of knowledge on practice regarding Newborn
care among primi mothers after structured teaching programme.
H3: There will be
a significant association between post test knowledge score and selected socio
demographic variables regarding newborn care
H4: There will be
a significant association between post test knowledge on Practice score and
selected socio demographic variables regarding newborn care
MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY:
A pre experimental one group
pretest and post test research design was conducted among 60 primi mothers who were selected by using purposive sampling
technique for the study. The data was collected through structured interview
schedule to assess the knowledge of mothers and checklist to assess knowledge
on practice of mothers regarding newborn care in postnatal period. The study
was conducted in Vivekanada Hospital, Sushruta hospital, Shakunthula
Hospital, Life line hospital Hubli. Pretest was
conducted by administering knowledge questionnaire and checklist after taking
consent from samples and post test was conducted 1week after administering
structure teaching programmee. Data collected was
analyzed based on descriptive and inferential statistics. Chi square test is
used to find the association and Paired “t” test is used to compare the pre
test and posttest score
RESULTS:
The result of this
study showed that mean knowledge scores in pre-test was 6.5 and SD was 1.58 and
in post-test mean was 18.5 and SD was 3.54. So, it is evident that mean
post-test knowledge score of primi mothers were
significantly greater than their mean pre-test knowledge score. ‘t’ {59} =
21.36 at P < .001 level.
The mean knowledge
on practice score in pre-test was 4.5 and SD was 1.56 and in post-test mean was
10.5 and SD was 4.25. So, it is evident that mean post-test knowledge on
practice score of primi mothers were significantly
greater than their mean pre-test knowledge on practice score. ‘t’ {59} =
29.58 at P < .001 level.
Table 1: Comparison of pretest and post test levels of knowledge of primi mothers regarding newborn care.
|
Level
of knowledge |
Scores |
Pre
test |
Post
test |
||
|
No |
% |
No |
% |
||
|
Inadequate |
<50% |
52 |
86 |
0 |
0 |
|
Moderate |
50--75% |
8 |
14 |
25 |
42 |
|
Adequate |
> 75% |
0 |
0 |
35 |
58 |
Figure
1: Comparison of
pre and post test level of knowledge regarding newborn care among primi mothers
Table 2: Comparison of pretest and post test levels of
knowledge on practice of primi mothers regarding
selected newborn care.
|
Level
of knowledge |
Scores |
Pre
test |
Post
test |
||
|
No |
% |
No |
% |
||
|
Inadequate |
<50% |
54 |
90 |
0 |
0 |
|
Moderate |
50--75% |
6 |
10 |
40 |
67 |
|
Adequate |
> 75% |
0 |
0 |
20 |
33 |
Figure 2. Comparison of pre and post level of knowledge
on practice regarding newborn care among primi mother
Effectiveness of STP:
Table 3.Effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge of primi
mothers and value of paired ‘t’ test n
= 60
|
Domain |
Mean |
SD |
Mean% |
|
Pre test |
6.5 |
1.58 |
21.67 |
|
Post test |
18.5 |
3.54 |
61.67 |
|
Enhancement |
12 |
1.96 |
40 |
**Significant at P<0.001 level df 59 t
value 21.36
Table 4.
Effectiveness of structured teaching programme
on knowledge on practice of primi mothers and value
of paired ‘t’ test n
= 60
|
Domain |
Mean |
SD |
Mean% |
|
Pre test |
4.5 |
1.56 |
15 |
|
Post test |
10.5 |
4.25 |
35 |
|
Enhancement |
6 |
2.69 |
20s |
**Significant at P<0.001 level df 59 t
value 29.58
The association
between demographic variables and knowledge score was analyzed by using
chi-square test. The result shows that there was a significant association
between age, educational status, occupational status, income, residential area,
family support, religion, type of family, age of the baby, sex of the baby, length
of the baby, source of information. There was no association between knowledge
regarding newborn care with demographic variables like birth weight of the
baby.
The association
between demographic variables and knowledge on practice score was analyzed by
using chi-square. The result shows that there was a significant association
between age, occupation, family support, religion, age of the baby, sex of the
baby, length of the baby, sex of the baby, source of information. There was no
association between knowledge on practice regarding newborn care with
demographic variables like type of family, education, income, residential area.
INTERPRETATION AND
CONCLUSION:
The following conclusions
were drawn on the basis of the data analysis:
·
Structured
teaching programme is effective in improving the
knowledge and knowledge on practice of the mothers regarding newborn care.
·
The
findings of the study revealed that there was an association between age,
educational status, occupation, income, residential area, religion, age, sex,
length family support as well as source of information and post test knowledge.
·
There
was no association between knowledge regarding with demographic variables like
type of family, family support, weight.
·
The
findings of the study shows that there was an association between age,
occupational status, type of family, residential area, age, sex, length,
weight, source of information and post
test knowledge on practice.
·
There
was no association between knowledge on practice regarding newborn care and demographic variables like
educational status, religion and source of information.
The overall
findings of the study clearly showed that there is a need for conducting
teaching programme to enhance the knowledge and
knowledge on practice level of primi mothers
regarding newborn care. The study proved that primi
mothers were having inadequate knowledge and knowledge on practice regarding
newborn care during pre test. There was significant increase in knowledge and
knowledge on practice level after giving structured teaching programme. Hence it can be concluded that identify the
knowledge and knowledge on practice on newborn care helps to develop strategies
to improve the care to safeguard the health of the baby and to reduce the risk
of neonatal mortality rate.
IMPLICATION OF THE STUDY AND
RECOMMENDATIONS:
The finding of the present study has
implications in the field of nursing education, nursing practice, nursing
administration and nursing research.
Nursing Practice
·
Primi mothers will be able to follow newborn care if they are provided with
adequate information and encouragement from the nurses.
·
Nurse
should impart health education in effective manner after assessing primi mothers Knowledge regarding newborn care.
·
Nurse
should encourage the clients and their family members to participate in the
health education programme.
·
The nurse of maternity and clinics play a role
in protection, promotion and supporting of mothers through strict supervision,
advice and motivation.
·
It
enhances the independent functioning of nurses as well as mothers.
Nursing education:
·
Students may be given chances to provide
health education regarding newborn care.
·
Health
education programmes can be organized by the students
in the postnatal ward on newborn care.
·
Continuing
nursing education programme can be organized for the
nurses on this aspect.
·
This
study emphasizes the significance of short term course, in service education
for nurses to acquire advanced knowledge regarding newborn care.
·
Nurse
educators, should plan with an ample opportunity for the students to educate
the mothers and provide care in the community and clinical setting.
·
The
curriculum of nursing must highlight the importance of newborn care
Nursing administration:
·
Nursing
leaders are challenged to take the health needs of the most vulnerable groups
especially, the mother and child health by effective organization and
management.
·
The
nurse administrator can formulate procedures and policies regarding newborn
care. They should organize and implement, ongoing education and in service programme regarding newborn care.
·
Nursing
conferences, group discussions and can be organized by the administrators
periodically.
·
The
nurse can provide adequate allocation of budget and manpower to implement
effective health education which helps the mother to gain adequate knowledge
and become confident to meet the needs of self.
Nursing research:
·
Management
and administrative authorities should give encouragement, motivation and
financial support to do the research.
·
The effectiveness
of the study for the research field is verified by its utility by the nurses in
the practice field.
·
The
findings of the study help the professional nurses and students to develop
inquiry for further research.
RECOMMENDATIONS:
On the basis of the findings of the study,
following recommendations put forward for further research
·
A
similar study can be replicated on a large sample to generalize the findings.
·
A
study can be conducted by including additional demographic variables.
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Received on 02.11.2015 Modified on 09.11.2015
Accepted on 26.11 .2015 ©
A&V Publication all right reserved
Int.
J. Nur. Edu. and Research.2016;
4(2):111-115.
DOI: 10.5958/2454-2660.2016.00025.9